The Menstrual Cycle and Women's Health

Our menstrual cycles can tell us a lot about our overall health. In this article, medical sociologist Evelina Sterling and Our Bodies Ourselves content expert Margaret Stubbs explain how periods serve as a vital sign throughout our life spans. The importance of menstruation goes far beyond reproduction; as Sterling and Stubbs write, it's "a cornerstone of overall health and well-being" even into the stage of menopause.  

The menstrual cycle, or period, is the process through which our bodies prepare for the possibility of pregnancy each month. Regular menstrual cycles are linked to better bone density, heart health, and mental wellness.

A change in the length, flow, and symptoms of our menstrual cycle can signal an irregular menstrual cycle. An irregular cycle can be associated with conditions such as Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome (PMOS), diabetes, and thyroid disease. Irregular cycles can also contribute to osteoporosis. Fibroids, endometriosis, or endocrine-related tumors may lead to heavy bleeding. Furthermore, the lack of a period can be a sign of hormonal imbalances and even eating disorders.

It is important that health care professionals recognize the menstrual cycle as a vital sign. They should take note of our early experiences with menstruation, and talk about our periods with us. Having information about our own menstrual cycles supports our bodily autonomy and agency. It is key to empowering us to take ownership of our reproductive health and our sexuality while we are young, and as we get older too.

Menstrual experiences throughout the reproductive years and beyond can offer critical insights into a person’s overall well-being, akin to blood pressure, body temperature and heart rate.

SOURCE: The Conversation • AUTHOR: Evelina Sterling and Margaret Louisa Stubbs • LAST UPDATED: August 5, 2024