---
title: "Women's Responses to Technology-Facilitated Gender-Based Violence"
date: 2026-01-20T09:08:00-05:00
author: Jonese Austin
canonical_url: "https://ourbodiesourselves.org/health-info/womens-responses-to-technology-facilitated-gender-based-violence"
section: Resources
---
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[Health & Sexuality Info](/health-info)# Women's Responses to Technology-Facilitated Gender-Based Violence

One in ten women will experience online violence after age fifteen, a report found in 2018. This article by GenderIT.org highlights one way that women respond to that violence. In the face of technology-facilitated gender-based violence (TFGBV), women are changing how they engage online.

The article centers on what social scientist and legal scholar Jon Penney refers to as the “chilling effect” on speech. Because of TFGBV, some women silence themselves online. They stop posting for fear of threats and surveillance.

Women also adapt their online behavior. They may assume a male identity when posting online to provide some degree of freedom when posting. Others may perform certain gendered norms and compliance to avoid abuse. This is especially the case if male family members are monitoring their online activity. Women also respond by creating safe spaces where they can express themselves fully.

TFGBV also affects how men engage online. Fear of being targeted makes men less likely to speak out against sexism and misogyny as well.

> Since the COVID-19 pandemic there has been a worldwide spike in cases of technology-facilitated gender based violence (TFGBV). The indispensability of digital technologies for social, personal, and professional interactions has put women at a heightened risk of online violence. In recent years there has been a growing awareness of the disproportionate impact technology-facilitated violence has on women.

[Read the full article ](https://genderit.org/feminist-talk/beyond-deterrence-understanding-chilling-effects-technology-facilitated-gender-based#:~:text=In%20addition%20to%20the%20invasion,%27chilling%20effect%27%20on%20speech)

SOURCE: GenderIT.org • AUTHOR: Amrita Vasudevan • LAST UPDATED: March 23, 2023

![An Asian woman stares at a computer](data:image/png;base64,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) TheVisualsYouNeed/Adobe Stock

![](/assets/img/monogram.webp)Topics

- [ gender-based violence](https://ourbodiesourselves.org/subject-area/gender-based-violence)
- [ technology & gender-based violence](https://ourbodiesourselves.org/themes/technology-gender-based-violence)
- [violence against women](https://ourbodiesourselves.org/tags/violence-against-women)
- [coercion and control](https://ourbodiesourselves.org/tags/coercion-and-control)
- [sexual harassment](https://ourbodiesourselves.org/tags/sexual-harassment)
- [culture](https://ourbodiesourselves.org/tags/culture)

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[read more](https://ourbodiesourselves.org/why-you-can-trust-us)

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## United Nations Resources on Digital Violence

UNFPA (United Nations Population Fund) initiatives address digital violence in different countries. This interactive resource includes a glossary of key concepts, calls to action, programs, research, and informational materials.

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UNFPA (United Nations Population Fund) initiatives address digital violence in different countries. This interactive resource includes a glossary of key concepts, calls to action, programs, research, and informational materials.](https://ourbodiesourselves.org/health-info/united-nations-resources-on-digital-violence)

[ResourcesListen

## Lucia Ayiela on Digital Activism and Gender-Based Violence in the Horn of Africa

How can digital activism push for change? What are the risks that come with speaking out online? Kenyan digital activist Lucia Ayiela talks about her work against gender-based violence.

![The podcast logo which consists of Black women protesting and a map of the horn of Africa. At the top are the words "Stories of Resilience."](data:image/png;base64,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)

How can digital activism push for change? What are the risks that come with speaking out online? Kenyan digital activist Lucia Ayiela talks about her work against gender-based violence.](https://ourbodiesourselves.org/health-info/lucia-ayiela-on-digital-activism-and-gender-based-violence-in-the-horn-of-africa)

[ResourcesRead

## A Menstrual Expert's Surprising Tips On How To Talk About Your Period

An interview with Dr. Inga Winkler about menstrual stigma – what it is, how it is perpetuated, and ways to combat it.

![A Menstrual Expert's Surprising Tips On How To Talk About Your Period](data:image/png;base64,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)

An interview with Dr. Inga Winkler about menstrual stigma – what it is, how it is perpetuated, and ways to combat it.](https://ourbodiesourselves.org/health-info/a-menstrual-experts-surprising-tips-on-how-to-talk-about-your-period)

[ResourcesRead

## A Sex Positive and Transformative Justice Approach to #MeToo

This article imagines what accountability for sexual abuse would look like in a sex-positive, anti-carceral world.

![Mihai surdu me too unsplash scaled jpg](data:image/png;base64,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)

This article imagines what accountability for sexual abuse would look like in a sex-positive, anti-carceral world.](https://ourbodiesourselves.org/health-info/a-sex-positive-and-transformative-justice-approach-to-metoo)

[ResourcesRead

## Ageism Ignores and Insults the Competence of Adults

This article by Margaret Morganroth Gullette addresses the harm caused by ageism and “age shaming,” especially as it relates to assumptions about competence.

![pexels-kampus-production-8422703](data:image/png;base64,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)

This article by Margaret Morganroth Gullette addresses the harm caused by ageism and “age shaming,” especially as it relates to assumptions about competence.](https://ourbodiesourselves.org/health-info/ageism-ignores-and-insults-the-competence-of-adults)